ユリシーズ

 『ユリシーズ』(ジェイムス・ジョイス著,1922)を読み始めた。
 ジェイムス・ジョイスという作家については、むかし両親のうちどちらかが『フィネガンズ・ウェイク』を読んでいたのを拾って読み、当然のごとく頭の中を記号が飛び交い、最初の数ページで読解不能を悟って投げたという記憶を以て終わっている。中学生の時分だろう。
 先日おばから河出書房新社版の『世界文学全集』をいただき、何から読み始めようかと迷った末、ジョイスの『ユリシーズ』から始めることとなった。古い全集なので『フィネガンズ・ウェイク』を91年に訳した柳瀬訳ではなく『フィネガンズ・ウェイク』と較べるのは無茶なのかもしれないが(柳瀬は96年にユリシーズ訳も始めているが現在6章までで未完のもよう)、意外に読みやすいというのが最初の感想。むしろけっこうおもしろい。僕が年とったからかな?

調べたら案の定深みが待っていたので外堀を埋めてみる。
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Ulysses has been labeled dirty, blasphemous(冒涜的な、(破門レベルの不敬罪相当)), and unreadable. In a famous 1933 court decision, Judge John M. Woolsey declared(断言|宣言|布告し-た) it an emetic(吐き気を催す) book–although he found it sufficiently unobscene(非常識で-はない) to allow its importation into the United States–and Virginia Woolf was moved to decry(非難する) James Joyce’s “cloacal obsession.(詳細不明につき保留,人工妊娠中絶系の話?;参考)” None of these adjectives(=adj.), however, do the slightest justice to the novel. To this day it remains the modernist masterpiece, in which the author takes both Celtic lyricism and vulgarity(俗悪) to splendid extremes. It is funny, sorrowful(痛ましい), and even (in a close-focus sort of way) suspenseful(サスペンスがいっぱい). And despite([前]~にもかかわらず) the exegetical(exegentics:聖書解釈学) industry that has sprung up(雨後の筍のように出現し-た) in the last 75 years, Ulysses is also a compulsively(否応なく) readable book. Even the verbal(言葉の) vaudeville(寄席演芸) of the final chapters can be navigated with relative ease([成句]with relative ease:比較的容易に), as long as you’re willing to be buffeted(うちのめさ-れる), tickled, challenged, and (occasionally) vexed(苦しめ-られる) by Joyce’s [sheer command](完全な制御) of the English language.
Among other things, a novel is simply a long story, and the first question about any story is: What happens?. In the case of Ulysses, the answer might be Everything. William Blake, one of literature’s sublime(崇高な) myopics(myopic:近視眼的な???), saw the universe in a grain(粒子) of sand. Joyce saw it in Dublin, Ireland, on June 16, 1904, a day distinguished(卓抜した) by its utter(全き) normality. Two characters, Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom, go about their separate business, crossing paths with a gallery of indelible(印象的な|消せない) Dubliners. We watch them teach, eat, stroll(ぶらつく) the streets, argue(言い争う), and (in Bloom’s case) masturbate. And thanks to the book’s stream-of-consciousness(思想|意識の流れ) technique–which suggests no mere stream but an impossibly deep, swift-running river–we’re privy(当事者) to their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The result? Almost every variety of human experience is crammed into the accordian(accordion?) folds(蛇腹折) of a single day, which makes Ulysses not just an experimental work but the very last word in realism.

Both characters add their glorious intonations to the music of Joyce’s prose(散文). Dedalus’s accent–that of a freelance aesthetician(エステティシャン,美学者), who dabbles(水をはね掛ける) here and there in what we might call Early Yeats Lite–will be familiar to readers of [Portrait of an Artist As a Young Man](『若い芸術家の肖像』(ジョイス,1916)). But Bloom’s wistful(痛切な) sensualism(好色) (and naive curiosity) is something else entirely. Seen through his eyes, a rundown corner of a Dublin graveyard is a figure for hope and hopelessness, mortality(死すべき運命) and dogged(しつこい) survival: “Mr Bloom walked unheeded(注意されずに) along his grove(木立) by saddened angels, crosses, broken pillars, [family vaults](地下納骨所), stone hopes praying [with upcast eyes](天を仰ぎ見る), old Ireland’s hearts and hands. More sensible to spend the money on some charity for the living. Pray for the repose(安息) of the soul of. Does anybody really?” –James Marcus

Product Description:
Ulysses is one of the most influential novels of the twentieth century. It was not easy to find a publisher in America willing to take it on, and when Jane Jeap and Margaret Anderson started printing extracts from the book in their literary magazine The Little Review in 1918, they were arrested and charged with publishing obscenity. They were fined(罰金を科せ-られる) $100, and even The New York Times expressed satisfaction with their conviction(有罪判決). Ulysses was not published in book form until 1922, when another American woman, Sylvia Beach, published it in Paris her Shakespeare & Company. Ulysses was not available legally in any English-speaking country until 1934, when Random House successfully defended Joyce against obscenity charges and published it in the Modern Library. This edition follows the complete and unabridged(省略されていない) text as corrected and reset in 1961. Judge John Woolsey’s decision lifting(解除する) the ban against Ulysses is reprinted, along with a letter from Joyce to Bennett Cerf, the publisher of Random House, and the original foreword(前書き) to the book by Morris L. Ernst, who defended Ulysses during the trial.–This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Ulysses全文

 相変わらず自分の英語語彙が増えていないことに辟易するが、どうも辺縁から埋めていこうとすると物語の内容に至るところでぶつかるので、事前知識はこのへんでやめておいて読み進んだほうがよさそうな感じがする。

 とりあえずわかったことは、要するに宗教(カトリック)への冒涜と捉えられたのであろう、発禁の憂き目を見てもいるが、こんにちではこの本が20世紀近代文学の扉を開いた金字塔とされていること、
語られるのは「ブルームの日」(ブルームは二人の主人公のうちの一人)と呼ばれる1904年のとある一日を通した物語で、その主人公たちが、思考の流れを文とするジョイス独特の文体で以って[糸]となり形成する刺繍のごとき「何の変哲もない普通のある日」を提示しているらしいこと、
アイルランド、イギリス、アリストテレス、ダブリン市街、・・・等々。

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